Initiated before the 1954 Geneva Accords, Land Reform was the first major civilian policy implemented by the Communist Party of Vietnam (then the Vietnam Workers’ Party). Although briefly suspended during the 1954 civilian migration, the program resumed and continued until 1956. 

The topic remained strictly taboo until the Đổi Mới reforms of 1986, yet the question of the party’s responsibility for the campaign’s victims remains unresolved today. Specifically, the role of President Hồ Chí Minh—the party’s supreme leader—and his failure to prevent these abuses continue to be questioned.